Association between harmful oral habits and the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system: perception of parents/guardians. / Associação entre hábitos orais deletérios e as estruturas e funções do sistema estomatognático: percepção dos responsáveis.

PURPOSE: To verify the occurrence and associate the presence and duration of harmful oral habits with the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Participants' participation was formalized by the signing of an Informed Consent Form. The non-probabilistic sample comprised 289 children aged one to 12 years assisted at a Family Health Strategy unit. The data were obtained through a questionnaire to identify harmful oral habits applied to the children's parents and/or guardians. The results were considered at 5% level of significance. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 19.0 software and the chi-squared association test was employed to investigate the categorical variables. RESULTS: The breastfeeding rate found was 85%; however, only 32.4% of the children were exclusively breastfed until six months of age. The most prevalent habits and those currently maintained were use of conventional bottle (28.62%) and conventional pacifier (23.18%). Significant correlation (p=0.001) was found between keeping the mouth open and oral and oronasal breathing. The presence of habits such as using orthodontic bottle (p=0.016) and orthodontic pacifier (p=0.001) was associated with the breathing mode reported. Habit duration was associated with the perception of changes in speech (p=0.046) and with malocclusion (p=0.014). CONCLUSION: The presence and duration of harmful oral habits were associated with the perception of changes in the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system regarding occlusion, breathing, and speech, accounting for a significant portion of the demand for rehabilitation.

Associação entre hábitos orais deletérios e as estruturas e funções do sistema estomatognático: percepção dos responsáveis / Association between harmful oral habits and the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system: perception of parents/guardians

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a ocorrência e associar a presença dos hábitos orais deletérios com as estruturas e funções do Sistema Estomatognático, quanto aos aspectos de fala, oclusão e respiração, na percepção dos responsáveis. Método Estudo transversal, de caráter exploratório. A amostra, não probabilística, foi composta por 289 crianças de zero a 12 anos atendidas em uma unidade de estratégia de saúde da família. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário de identificação de hábitos deletérios aplicado com os responsáveis pelas crianças. Os resultados foram considerados a um nível de significância de 5% e as análises foram realizadas utilizando o programa SPSS versão 19.0 e o teste Quiquadrado de associação para análise das variáveis categóricas. Resultados O índice de aleitamento materno foi de 85%, entretanto, apenas 32,4% foram amamentados exclusivamente até os seis meses. Os hábitos mais prevalentes e mantidos atualmente foram a mamadeira (28,62%) e a chupeta (23,18%) convencional. Houve associação significativa (p=0,001) entre o fato de a criança permanecer com a boca aberta e respirar de modo oral e oronasal. A presença de hábitos como a mamadeira (p=0,016) e a chupeta (p=0,001) ortodôntica estava relacionada ao modo respiratório relatado. O tempo de manutenção dos hábitos estava associado à percepção da presença de alterações na fala (p=0,046); e oclusais (p=0,014). Conclusão A presença e a manutenção de hábitos orais deletérios mostraram-se associadas à percepção da presença de alterações nas estruturas e funções do Sistema Estomatognático de alterações de oclusão, respiração e fala, representando parcela importante da demanda por reabilitação.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the occurrence and associate the presence and duration of harmful oral habits with the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system. Methods This is a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Participants’ participation was formalized by the signing of an Informed Consent Form. The non-probabilistic sample comprised 289 children aged one to 12 years assisted at a Family Health Strategy unit. The data were obtained through a questionnaire to identify harmful oral habits applied to the children’s parents and/or guardians. The results were considered at 5% level of significance. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 19.0 software and the chi-squared association test was employed to investigate the categorical variables. Results The breastfeeding rate found was 85%; however, only 32.4% of the children were exclusively breastfed until six months of age. The most prevalent habits and those currently maintained were use of conventional bottle (28.62%) and conventional pacifier (23.18%). Significant correlation (p=0.001) was found between keeping the mouth open and oral and oronasal breathing. The presence of habits such as using orthodontic bottle (p=0.016) and orthodontic pacifier (p=0.001) was associated with the breathing mode reported. Habit duration was associated with the perception of changes in speech (p=0.046) and with malocclusion (p=0.014). Conclusion The presence and duration of harmful oral habits were associated with the perception of changes in the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system regarding occlusion, breathing, and speech, accounting for a significant portion of the demand for rehabilitation.